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David Harald Vilgot Sjöman (2 December 1924 – 9 April 2006) was a Swedish writer and film director. His films deal with controversial issues of social class, morality, and sexual taboos, combining the emotionally tortured characters of Ingmar Bergman with the avant garde style of the French New Wave. He is best known as the director of the films ''491'' (1964), ''I Am Curious (Yellow)'' (in Swedish, "Jag är nyfiken - gul") (1967), and ''I Am Curious (Blue)'' ("Jag är nyfiken - blå") (1968), which stretched the boundaries of acceptability of what could then be shown on film, deliberately treating their subjects in a provocative and explicit manner.〔(Tabu. Filmaren Vilgot Sjöman ), Anders Åberg, Lund University (English abstract of a PhD thesis on Vilgot Sjöman)〕 ==Career== Sjöman was born in Stockholm, from a working-class family. His father, Anders W. Sjöman, was a builder; his mother was Mandis Pettersson. Sjöman became a clerk with a cereal company aged 15, but passed his ''studentexamen'' in 1945 and studied at the later Stockholm University. He then worked in a prison while writing plays (none of which were produced). One play became his first novel, ''The Teacher'' ("Lektorn") (1955), which was filmed in 1952 by Gustaf Molander as ''Defiance'' ("Trots"). After taking up a scholarship to study film at UCLA in 1956, Sjöman worked with George Seaton on ''The Proud and Profane''. He returned to Sweden, and wrote a study of Hollywood, ''In Hollywood'' ("I Hollywood") in 1961. Sjöman directed his first film in 1962, ''The Mistress'' ("Älskarinnan"), with a cast that included regular actors for Ingmar Bergman such as Bibi Andersson and Max von Sydow, showing a young woman in love with two men, one older and the other younger. For her role, Anderson won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Berlinale: Prize Winners )〕 He assisted Ingmar Bergman with his 1963 film, ''Winter Light'' ("Nattvardsgästerna"). Sjöman's second film, ''491'', from 1964, is based on a novel by Lars Görling and deals with the issues of homosexuality and juvenile delinquency; it includes a scene in which a girl is raped, off-screen, by a dog. His fourth film, ''My Sister My Love'' (''Syskonbädd 1782''), from 1966, again starred Bibi Andersson and is based on ''Tis Pity She's a Whore'', a 17th-century play by John Ford about incest between a brother and his twin sister. His most well-known film, ''I Am Curious (Yellow)'', was a political film that examined Swedish society from a critical, leftist viewpoint, portraying a young working-class sociology student, played by Lena Nyman, interviewing people about social classes in Sweden. Filmed in a knowing cinéma vérité style, she asks, "Do we have a class system in Sweden?" and receives the reply, "It depends on the people. Undress them, and they're all the same; dress them, and you have a class system."〔(Obituary ), ''The Guardian'', 27 April 2006〕 The film also shows the protagonist's affair with a young man, played by Börje Ahlstedt, and sparked controversy both in Sweden and abroad because of its nudity and realistic scenes of sexual intercourse between the two lovers. Norman Mailer described it as "one of the most important pictures I have ever seen in my life".〔(Obituary ), ''The Telegraph'', 21 April 2006〕 An 11-minute section was cut by the British censor, and copies of the film were seized by U.S. Customs in January 1968 as obscene, and banned as pornography in most of the United States. After the US Supreme Court overturned the anti-obscenity ban on First Amendment grounds,〔 the film was screened from March 1969 in US venues—one in New York City, and another one in New Jersey. Also screen in Oklahoma City Oklahoma March 1969. However, the controversy surrounding the film guaranteed it large audiences, and it became and remained the most successful foreign film in the US for the next 23 years. Its title, and that of the 1968 sequel, ''I Am Curious (Blue)'', refers to the yellow and blue colours of the flag of Sweden. It marked a turning point in attitudes to censorship of screen nudity, and was followed by films such as ''Midnight Cowboy'' and ''Last Tango in Paris''. Sjöman returned to similar themes in later films. He directed ''Till Sex Do Us Part'' in 1971, a farce about a young married couple who believe they will die if they have sex, but most of his later films were less successful. His 1974 film ''A Handful of Love'' won the awards for Best Film and Best Director at the 10th Guldbagge Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=En handfull kärlek (1974) )〕 He directed his last film in 1995, a biography of Alfred Nobel, inventor, industrialist, and founder of the Nobel Prizes, entitled ''Alfred''. He died at age 81 from a cerebral haemorrhage in St. Görans Sjukhus in Stockholm,〔 leaving behind his wife of 37 years and three children. Shortly after his death, a Swedish appeal court upheld a ruling that Swedish television broadcaster TV4 had damaged his and fellow director Claes Eriksson's "artistic integrity" by inserting commercial breaks into broadcasts of their films without their consent.〔(Sweden TV 'harmed' film integrity ), BBC News, 12 April 2006.〕 He had been awarded the Ingmar Bergman Prize in 2003 for pursuing this court case. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vilgot Sjöman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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